the causes of the first world war

[Enter Post Title Here] In 1914, Europe was armed to the teeth. This was the age of railways, when millions of guns and men could be moved suddenly to strike a blow. So everything had to be prepared in advance: men, horses, planes, railway timetables and the rest of it all. Everybody knew that a war could be won or lost in the first battle, so if one or two countries got ready like this, others had to follow suit. As well armies, navies, a country making war needed allies, because after an attack had begun it will too late to look for friends. Since the 1890s, there has been two important allies in Europe. 1. The triple alliance of Germany, Austria and Italy 2. The dual alliance of France and Russia For instance France and Russia had agreed that if Germany were to strike France from the west, Russians would strike Germany in the east. So if one country decided to get in the first blow quickly, the news is flashed to all the others, and soldiers of five countries would charge into action. Around this time in the history of the world, Europe was sitting on the top of gunpowder. A little tip=off or push will trigger an attack. The European powers. In 1870s Germany had defeated France and seized the French provinces of Alsace and Lorraine. Ever since then the French had talked of a possible war of revenge to get back their territory. The Russians had little problems at home. Tsar Nicholas 11 badly needed a success at home to make him more popular. Perhaps he could achieve this by increasing Russia’s power in the Balkans in South –East Europe. Russians had wanted this for years and centuries past, but unfortunately for Nicholas, the Germans and the AUSTRIANS had the same IDEA. The Germans were very proud of their increasing power and wealth. Their Army had helped to make Germany a strong Nation, and very popular and 1890 they began to build up a navy too. Like Britain they traded all over the world and also had growing empire. Germany was a world power like Great Britain and needed to defend her territory. Like Russia, Austria had serious problem at home also. The Austrian empire consists of eleven different nationalities, who mostly want to belong to a country of their own. For instance, the many of the 2 million Serbs in the Austrian empire wanted instead to be citizens of Serbia, an independent country to the south. In the Balkans, Serbia had gained

aircraft carier discovery

Hitler the German Warlord

horofic world war1 realities

horofic world war1 realities

Technological Advancement

[Enter Post Title Here] EIGHTY YEARS OF CHANGE Your great grandparents’ world, the world of 1914, was very different from our way today. This little article is geared towards making you see reasons and how their world changed into ours. The world of those days was so crude that if they had been told that the world would someday be what it is today, they would have called you a devil. It is so glaring and obvious to some of us who could read from archive the way and manna the way the world of those were operating, can begin to expose some of the events that took place in those days. For instance, the speed at which our fathers or men of the ancient travelled t hose were probably within the range of 70 mph, on a steam train, there were a lot of transition through then till now that around 1980s an airliner could travel for or around 800 mph. today all these had changed considerably. In those days if our fathers were ill, their doctors if even they could afford one had no penicillin or other related drugs to fight and kill germs in the body but today the reverse is the case. Some born in the UK or BRITAIN in and around 1914 could expect, on average, to live about 55yrs, but today, an average life expectancy is around 75yrs. Africa was the most affected of all the continents, how you asked? In Africa over those times around 1914s, it was very clear that the rest of the world was more developed but an average life expectancy is higher than in other parts of the world, and that was achievable through the aid of traditional or orthodox medicine whereby most diseases and ailments has cure till date. In Africa, the rise of scientific medicines did not really affect the life expectancy except in few areas like delivery process like evacuation process called surgery THE GLOBAL VILLAGE Today, many grew up to hear things like the world is a global village and the things like, but the reality is, why the name global village, and what makes the world a global village? 1. In great Britain, as of 1914, was already a nation with towns and factories, including the US, CANADA, GERMANY, FRANCE, and few other countries as at then. But nearly every other nation of the world was still living in SLUMS, villages and towns and virtually grew their own food. Today far more people in the world today live in cities and towns working to earn a living. Depending on foods grown in other parts of the world. In 1914, London with about 7 million people was the worlds; biggest city, in the 80s, Tokyo with around 25 million people became the worlds’ biggest with other cities like Lagos in Nigeria boasting of a population of around 15 million people as of 2012. 2. The Village. In a village most people live not too far from one another, and new each other so well, but this is really not the case in towns and cities. But since 1914, the world trade and travel activities have become much easier. Radio and other media houses have also been developed, so people from other side of the world could easily see and hear words from the others. Even in recent times, the use of the internet has made things easier. The way the world is positioned, works and functions exactly like the old village settings that is why it is called the Global Village. This blog is about the development of technology that has changed people’s lives in the last 100 years, which has made the Global Village possible. It is about Government and Wars. The changes in technology have made Government more powerful and Wars much more deadly and dreadful than 1914 and after 1914. This is the more reason people of the Global Village should understand each other and also try to control what their Government is doing. If the people of the Global Village are to understand each other in the same way, they need to know what people on the other side of the world are doing, what they did last year, 50 or 100 years ago, and why they did it, overall history should be seen as one of the major course in our institutions the world over.

CHANGE

So much is history is concerned with change that historians sometimes try to study change itself, as well what is changing. They distinguish between a change, where something new happens, and a development, where something that existed before has been modified. They are careful to notice where change and development are not necessarily the same as progress( where things get better) and may sometimes be regress(where things get worse) They also look for the examples of continuity, the things which don’t change over a long period of times. They are also concerned with the rate of change, noticing that in some periods that changes happens so fast and in others very slow. Finally they are interested in the factors which influence change. Things like religion, war, government policy, change, brilliant individuals, levels of education, technology and jealousy etc. The first activity looks at smallpox, a killer disease which the World Health Organization said had been stamped out in the year 1980! In 1978, Edward Jenner, a country doctor from Berkeley suggested a way of preventing people from catching the disease. He noticed that milkmaids, who usually caught cowpox from cows didn’t caught smallpox. He deliberately infecting a child with cowpox and then later deliberately infecting the same child with smallpox, the child didn’t caught the smallpox because the cowpox had given him an immunity. This is the process that Jenner called vaccination claiming that this treatment could end smallpox. SMALLPOX KILLED SOME PEOPLE EVERY YEAR SEVENTEENTH –CENTURY LONDON. HOWEVER IT WAS WORSE IN SOME YEARS THAN OTHERS. IN 1659, SMALLPOX KILLED 1523 PEOPLE, WHILE IN 1660, IT KILLED 354,. ….. LUCINDA Mac CRAY BEIER,’ SUFFERERS AND HEALERS,; 1987

CAUSATION OF WORLD WARS

On this day the thirteenth day of June, 2013, I stumbled on a book that caught my attention, I was so carried away that my friend whom we went together the bookshop to buy used books, said “did you find dollars inside any of those books?” the title of the book was so captioned that that I decided to find time to read through this book with all the time needed to do so! This book is about the history of the world wars, segregations, and racial abuse in the highest order, the rise of the United States of America, Russia, Germany, China, Britain and the Atomic Eras, Apartheid in South Africa And the Jet Age. It’s about the history of the world since 1914 world wars. This book is written by a man called JOE SCOTT, interestingly I am going to restrict myself to the undiluted content of this book in the very best possible way. Here we go,,,,,, The first question that came to my mind was, why was the world of those days so much heated with flames of wars and disaster? CAUSATION In the words of Joe Scott I quote “ one day a boy came home from school. He tried to creep up to his bedroom without his farther noticing it, but t his didn’t work. The farther noticed him and invited him to the kitchen, ‘John, ‘his father said, I can see why you are creeping upstairs like that, and he questioned, what happened to your trousers? John’s father had seen that his trousers were covered with mud. There was a pause, and then John explain what had happened” in three boxes I am going to dissect the way the young man’s answered his father. Explanation One Explanation Three Explanation Two [Enter Post Title Here] EXPLANATION ONE,’ mud, as I am sure you know, dad is a rather sticky mixture and dirt. My trousers are made from fairly coarse cloth which is very good base for mud and stick on. Also, I am considerably taller than I am wide, which means under certain condition I am unstable and likely to fall. What happened was that I was crossing some mud, which is rather slippery, and thus I was more likely to fall. I fell, and the adhesive qualities of the mud means that some of it stuck to my trousers.’ EXPLANATION TWO,’ I was going through a field and I slipped and I fell into a puddle.’ EXPLANATION THREE,’ I had to stay late at school because I had not done my homework. Because I was late, I thought I should take the short cut over the field. There were some big kids on the field who said they were going to beat me up unless I give them all my money. They were still chasing after me when I tried to jump over a muddy patch but I slipped and fell right into it. They all just laughed at me.’ Adapted from J.H H

exter ‘the history primer’, 1971. Here are my questions going by the young boys answer, 1. Can all three explanations cover the same incident and still be true? 2. If you were the boy’s father which explanation would you think was the best? 3. Which of these explanations do you think is the most scientific? 4. Which of these explanations do you think is a better piece of history?

THE EVIDENCE OF HISTORY

THE EVIDENCE HISTORIANS have to work out what they think happened in the past from their sources. This means things that have survived from the past. These sources are not always easy to use. So before a historian can use them as evidence to answer a particular question about the past, the sources must be tested to a certain degree. First the sources provenance- how and when it was created, and how it was handed down to us. Second its reliability- whether the sources or part of it, is accurate or not. Third its utility- how useful it will be. The answers to these questions are usually linked, as you will see from other sources that we will treat later. The picture attached is a picture of a working class family in London just before the First World War. Invariably a historian might still decide a source could be used as useful evidence even if it was not reliable. Conclusively on evidence, 1. It is important for historians to know the source or provenance of their sources. 2. There are many reasons why all or part of a source might not be reliable. 3. Historians can only decide about the reliability of a source when they know what they want to find. 4. Historians may sometimes find sources useful even they don’t think they are reliable. If we are to write good history, then we have to make sure that we understand not only what people in the past did but also what they thought about things. History is not only what happened but also why it happened. To understand this, we have to remember what or the ideas that people had in those days or times, because this helps understand why they did things. Historians sometimes called this the EMPATHY